Why Frankfurt carries two codes while some airfields have none at all: ICAO vs. IATA, regional prefixes, code changes, and how pilots handle a missing identifier. … Read More
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Crediting FSTD and Simulator Time Correctly: What Actually Counts
How much simulator time actually counts toward a licence, rating, or recency: the FNPT/FTD/FFS system, Part-FCL crediting limits, device qualification — and what the 2026 EASA reform does (and doesn’t) change yet. … Read More
Checklist Practice in the Cockpit: Why “Flow, Then Checklist” Is the Standard
Why pilots still read the checklist after the flow: the Boeing Model 299 story, flow vs. challenge-do-verify, and the “killer items” that decide a safe outcome. … Read More
Renewing Class and Type Ratings: What Revalidation and Renewal Actually Mean
Why “revalidation means experience, renewal means a check” is wrong: the real difference is timing. SEP, MEP, and type ratings compared, plus the most common renewal mistakes pilots make. … Read More
Medical Certificates: Validity Periods, Age Tiers, and What Really Happens When One Expires
Class 1, Class 2, LAPL Medical: how long medical certificates stay valid, how the 45-day revalidation window works, and what actually happens to licence privileges once one expires. … Read More